DAPSONE-INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY - COMPARISON OF THE METHEMOGLOBIN-FORMING ABILITY OF HYDROXYLAMINE METABOLITES OF DAPSONE IN RAT AND HUMAN BLOOD

The relative methemoglobin (MetHgb) forming ability of two metabolites of dapsone, dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH) and monoacetyldapsone hydroxylamine (MADDS-NOH), were compared in rat and human whole blood. Concentration-response curves for the two metabolites were generated in vitro in whole blood. Data were fit to both the E(max) and Sigmoid E(max) models. The E(max) values for MetHgb formation in rat blood for MADDS-NOH and DDS-NOH fitted to the E(max) model were 83 (8) and 84 (2)%, while the EC(50) values were 1087 (283) and 828 (104) mu M, respectively (mean +/- SD). Neither these values nor those generated for the Sigmoid E(max) model differed significantly between the two metabolites. Similarly, the E(max) values in human blood for MADDS-NOH and DDS-NOH fitted to the E(max) model were 79 (5) and 80 (2)%; while the EC(50) values were 90 (17) and 95 (19) mu M, respectively. These values also did not differ between the two metabolites using either pharmacodynamic model. MetHgb was produced at the same rate, reached similar peak concentrations, and exhibited the same rate of decline with both metabolites. The area under the MetHgb content versus time curve did not differ between the two metabolites. These data demonstrate that MADDS-NOH and DDS-NOH are equipotent and equally efficacious in their MetHgb-forming ability. Investigation of the disposition of these metabolites is necessary to assess their relative role in dapsone-induced toxicity in vivo. (C) 1994 Academic Press,Inc.