土壤铅对作物的毒害效应及临界值研究

被引:0
作者
郭成士
机构
[1] 福建农林大学
关键词
土壤; 作物; 铅; 毒害; 临界值;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2011
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
土壤铅对植物的毒害效应是确定土壤铅的环境质量基准的重要依据之一。本文首先采用水培法对16种蔬菜进行了铅毒害试验,并筛选出对铅毒害较敏感的蔬菜;然后用土培法确定了土壤铅对敏感蔬菜的植物毒害临界值。并同时做了土培水稻铅毒害试验。主要结果如下: 1、培养液中高浓度的铅对蔬菜产生毒害,毒害效应随着培养时间的延长而加剧。随着Pb浓度的增加,各蔬菜表现出生长不良、原生根生长受抑制、根变短、根尖变褐、根数量减少;植株矮小、叶数少、叶面积小。有的蔬菜品种在高浓度条件下失水萎焉,叶片失绿变黄,致使蔬菜减产。 2、水培条件下,一部分蔬菜品种的株高、根长、地上部鲜重和根鲜重随培养液中铅浓度的增加而降低,而另一部分蔬菜则随铅浓度的增加呈现低浓度促进高浓度抑制的趋势。植株铅含量随营养液铅浓度的增加而增高,根系铅含量远高于地上部含量。 3、依据蔬菜的表观症状确定茄子和苋菜为铅敏感蔬菜品种,按照蔬菜地上部鲜重的EC10值排序确定茄子为最敏感蔬菜,空心菜次之。综合表观症状和蔬菜地上部鲜重减少10 %的效应浓度(EC10) ,确定茄子为铅毒害敏感蔬菜。 4、在土培条件下,与对照相比,添加铅使茄子株高、根长、地上部鲜重、根鲜重均不同程度地降低。地上部鲜重与土壤铅添加量相关性较好。 5、土培条件下,茄子铅毒害的主要症状为:叶片失绿变黄、伴有黄褐斑、并逐渐脱落;植株矮小,甚至死亡。水稻铅毒害症状主要表现为:株高、产量、穗数、穗长、根鲜重、干稻草重明显下降。在不同铅添加浓度下,茄子地上部生物量(鲜重)较对照下降13.11%~99.43%,水稻产量较对照下降5.30%~48.34%。 6、土培茄子地上部减产10%时,土壤铅的毒害临界值(DTPA提取Pb)为51.17mg/kg。
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页数:61
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