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羊乳理化特性及其胶体稳定性研究
被引:0
作者
:
论文数:
引用数:
h-index:
机构:
周强
机构
:
[1]
陕西师范大学
关键词
:
羊乳;
理化性质;
胶体稳定性;
D O I
:
暂无
年度学位
:
2007
学位类型
:
硕士
导师
:
张富新;
摘要
:
本文以莎能奶山羊羊乳为原料,利用乳样自动分析仪、氨基酸自动分析仪、等离子发射光谱、色谱分析对莎能奶山羊乳的基本成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质的组成、含量进行了分析和检测;对羊乳的理化特性及其胶体稳定性进行了系统的研究,为科学合理的利用羊乳,生产具有独特功能的羊乳制品提供理论依据。研究结果如下: 1.对莎能奶山羊乳的理化特性的研究结果表明:(1)羊乳为白色,在加热时除带有淡的乳香味,还具有淡膻味。羊乳的pH为6.70,比重(20℃/4℃)1.028,羊乳的酸度为0.130(%),13.38°T;(2)羊乳的基本组成中,其干物质、蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、灰分、非脂乳固体的平均值分别为14.36、3.98、4.25、4.12、0.74、8.23;(3)在所测的18种氨基酸中,氨基酸的总含量是3774mg/100mL,平均含量为142mg/100mL。其中8种必需氨基酸的含量为1137mg/100mL,平均含量为210mg/100mL,八种必需氨基酸的含量占总氨基酸含量的30.13%;(4)羊乳中饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的67.50%,其中低级饱和脂肪酸占饱和脂肪酸的36.17%,另外羊乳中乙酸含量较牛乳高;(5)羊乳中含有丰富的矿物质,其中钙、磷、钾、镁元素的含量很高。另外,羊乳中还富含铜、铁、锌、锰等微量元素。然而,羊乳中的Na含量比牛乳低;(6)羊乳的酪蛋白等电点为4.3。酪蛋白沉淀率随着Ca2+浓度的升高而增大,且温度越高所需的Ca2+浓度愈低;(7)羊乳乳清蛋白的热凝固时间分别为:80℃-60min、85℃-42.5min、90℃30min、95℃-12.5min、100℃-10min;(8)羊乳酸价、碘价、皂化价的平均值分别为1.24mgKOH/g、26.0g/100g,、236.0mgKOH/g。 2.对羊乳的热稳定性研究表明:(1)在pH6.4~7.2时,羊乳的热稳定性随着羊乳pH值的升高先增加而后减小,在6.9时较好且显著高于羊乳在自然pH(pH=6.70)下的热稳定性;(2)在120~145℃下,羊乳的热稳定性随着温度的升高而降低;(3)随着羊乳中游离Ca2+浓度增大,羊乳的热稳定性出现急剧减小的趋势;(4)三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠和磷酸氢二钠的添加量为0.5g/L时,热稳定性效果较好,磷酸二氢钠、柠檬酸钠和EDTA二钠的添加量为0.3g/L时热稳定性效果较好;(5)添加螯合剂组与对照组相比,羊乳的热稳定性有明显的提高,六种螯合剂对羊乳的热稳定性的影响有一定差别,依次为,三聚磷酸钠>磷酸氢二钠>焦磷酸钠>柠檬酸钠>磷酸二氢钠>EDTA二钠。 3.对羊乳的酒精稳定性研究表明,(1)在pH6.4~7.2时,羊乳酒精稳定性随羊乳pH值的升高而增强,羊乳(pH=6.70)中添加44%浓度的等量酒精出现絮状沉淀物;(2)在30~80℃时,羊乳酒精稳定性随着温度的升高而降低;(3)羊乳酒精稳定性随着羊乳中游离Ca2+浓度增大而降低;(4)螯合剂(磷酸二氢钠、三聚磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠)可提高羊乳的酒精稳定性,同时,使羊乳pH值上升。不同螯合剂对羊乳酒精稳定性的影响强度不同,同一种螯合剂,羊乳酒精稳定性随着添加量的增大而增强;(5)添加螯合剂组与对照组相比,羊乳的酒精稳定性有明显的提高,六种螯合剂对羊乳的酒精稳定性的影响有一定差别,依次为:三聚磷酸钠>焦磷酸钠>柠檬酸钠>磷酸氢二钠>磷酸二氢钠>EDTA二钠。 4.对羊乳的凝乳特性研究表明:(1)在pH6.4~7.2时,羊乳的凝乳时间随着pH的升高而延长;(2)在0.01~0.06g/L时,羊乳的凝乳时间随着Ca2+浓度增加而逐渐缩短;(3)螯合剂(磷酸氢二钠、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠)可有效延长羊乳的凝乳时间,同时,使羊乳pH值升高。不同螯合剂对羊乳凝乳特性影响强度不同,同一种螯合剂,羊乳凝乳时间随着添加量的增大而延长;(4)添加螯合剂组与对照组相比,羊乳的凝乳时间有明显的延长,六种螯合剂对羊乳的凝乳影响有一定差别,依次为,三聚磷酸钠>磷酸氢二钠>焦磷酸钠>柠檬酸钠>磷酸二氢钠>EDTA二钠。
引用
收藏
页数:72
共 86 条
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Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
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Banon, S
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Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
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Misiuwianiec, M
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Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
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共 86 条
[1]
Gelation mechanism of milk as influenced by temperature and pH; Studied by the use of transglutaminase cross-linked casein micelles
[J].
Vasbinder, AJ
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
NIZO Food Res, NL-6710 BA Ede, Netherlands
Vasbinder, AJ
;
Rollema, HS
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
NIZO Food Res, NL-6710 BA Ede, Netherlands
Rollema, HS
;
Bot, A
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
NIZO Food Res, NL-6710 BA Ede, Netherlands
Bot, A
;
de Kruif, CG
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
NIZO Food Res, NL-6710 BA Ede, Netherlands
de Kruif, CG
.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE,
2003,
86
(05)
:1556
-1563
[2]
Effect of controlled κ-casein hydrolysis on rheological properties of acid milk gels
[J].
Gastaldi, E
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
Gastaldi, E
;
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0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
Trial, N
;
Guillaume, C
论文数:
0
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0
h-index:
0
机构:
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
Guillaume, C
;
Bourret, E
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
Bourret, E
;
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Gontard, N
;
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0
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0
h-index:
0
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Genie Procedes & Sci Aliments, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France
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.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE,
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86
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[J].
Michalski, MC
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
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Michalski, MC
;
Cariou, R
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
INRA, Rech Technol Laitiere Lab, F-35042 Rennes, France
Cariou, R
;
Michel, F
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
INRA, Rech Technol Laitiere Lab, F-35042 Rennes, France
Michel, F
;
Garnier, C
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
INRA, Rech Technol Laitiere Lab, F-35042 Rennes, France
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.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE,
2002,
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[J].
Chardot, V
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
Chardot, V
;
Banon, S
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
Banon, S
;
Misiuwianiec, M
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
Misiuwianiec, M
;
Hardy, J
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Inst Natl Polytech Lorraine, Ecole Natl Super Agron & Ind Alimentaires, Lab Physicochim & Genie Alimentaires, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
Hardy, J
.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE,
2002,
85
(01)
:8
-14
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[J].
论文数:
引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Udabage, P
;
论文数:
引用数:
h-index:
机构:
McKinnon, IR
;
论文数:
引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Augustin, MA
.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE,
2001,
84
(07)
:1569
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[7]
Lactose-derived oligosaccharides in the milk of elephants: comparison with human milk
[J].
Kunz, C
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Res Inst Child Nutr, D-44225 Dortmund, Germany
Kunz, C
;
Rudloff, S
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Res Inst Child Nutr, D-44225 Dortmund, Germany
Rudloff, S
;
Schad, W
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Res Inst Child Nutr, D-44225 Dortmund, Germany
Schad, W
;
Braun, D
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
0
机构:
Res Inst Child Nutr, D-44225 Dortmund, Germany
Braun, D
.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION,
1999,
82
(05)
:391
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Fatty acid composition of caprine milk:: Major, branched-chain, and trans fatty acids
[J].
Alonso, L
论文数:
0
引用数:
0
h-index:
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机构:
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CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Prod Lacteos, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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