黄秋葵果胶和超微粉的制备及性质研究

被引:0
作者
陈忆
机构
[1] 合肥工业大学
关键词
黄秋葵; 果胶; 流变学特性; 超微粉碎技术;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2015
学位类型
硕士
摘要
黄秋葵是一种营养丰富的蔬菜,具有抗疲劳、降低胆固醇等多种功能特性和良好的药用价值。本文优化了黄秋葵豆荚中果胶的提取工艺条件,研究了黄秋葵果胶的流变学特性;制备了黄秋葵超微粉,并对其理化特性、胆固醇的吸附作用等进行了研究。研究结果为进一步把黄秋葵开发成功能食品提供了理论基础。黄秋葵果胶提取的最优工艺条件为液料比42:1、提取时间64min、提取温度60℃和pH3.9,在该条件下黄秋葵果胶的提取率达到2.68±0.005%。高效液相色谱法测定提取的黄秋葵果胶分子量约为5.94×103kDa;傅里叶红外光谱分析表明黄秋葵果胶在1610-1630cm-1和1720-1740cm-1范围处呈现果胶的羧酸酯类和糖醛酸类的特征吸收峰。黄秋葵果胶的特性粘度[η]1656 mL/g,该果胶溶液的表观粘度随其浓度和加入蔗糖浓度的增加而变大,随着温度和剪切速率的增加而变小。在pH5.0附近时,果胶溶液表观粘度最高,并且随着溶液pH的升高或降低而粘度降低。在稳态剪切模式下,黄秋葵果胶(>1%,w/w)为典型的假塑型非牛顿流体。黄秋葵果胶是一种典型的弱凝胶,温度降低和浓度增加时有利于凝胶的形成。采用重压式超微粉碎机制备黄秋葵的超微粉,该超微粉平均粒径达到18.691μm。试验表明黄秋葵豆荚超微粉和普通粉在粉体学参数、黄酮的溶出和形貌特征方面性质差异显著,微粉化过程促进了黄秋葵粉体各方面性能的改善。黄秋葵超微粉对胆固醇的适宜吸附条件为:D5o为18.69μm的超微粉,料液比1:30、吸附时间60mmin、胆固醇溶液初始质量浓度1.50mg/mL、温度25℃。在试验范围内吸附容量最高可达39.40 mg/g。黄秋葵超微粉对胆固醇的吸附主要以物理吸附为主的自发吸附。在低胆固醇浓度时,吸附以表面吸附为主,当溶液体系中胆固醇质量浓度升高后,吸附变为以表面吸附和颗粒内扩散为主。本研究为黄秋葵果胶的提取加工提供参考,为黄秋葵功能性食品的开发和利用提供了一定的技术基础。
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页数:102
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