西藏马乡设兴组砂岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其意义

被引:0
作者
井天景
机构
[1] 中国地质大学(北京)
关键词
马乡; 设兴组砂岩; 地球化学; 锆石U-Pb年代学; 晚白垩世隆升;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2014
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
青藏高原拉萨地块南部强烈变形的白垩纪设兴组沉积地层,因其出露在青藏公路沿线的马乡附近,与其上覆的没有变形的林子宗群火山岩形成清楚的角度不整合接触关系,露头远观就可以识别,被很多青藏高原地质工作者所熟悉,被称为“马乡不整合”。由于这套晚白垩世沉积地层对于揭示印度与亚洲大陆之间发生靠近、对接和碰撞的过程具有重要的意义,近年来被地质学、地球化学和古地磁学研究者广泛重视。本文通过对拉萨北部堆龙德庆县马乡设兴组上部地层中砂岩和上覆的林子宗火山岩底部这一跨越角度不整合界限的剖面的岩石,进行了全岩主、微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素和Hf同位素地球化学研究,获得了一些新认识。 马乡地区设兴组沉积岩的岩性主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩,岩石结构成分表明岩石的碎屑物质来自于源区物质的剥蚀和近距离搬运之后的快速堆积。通过主量和微量元素地球化学综合分析与源区物质鉴别,设兴组具有大陆及大洋岛弧源区的背景,物源区主要为长英质的、尤其是酸性岩浆岩源区(花岗岩、花岗闪长岩),另还有少量安山岩物质混入。设兴组砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄图谱表明,最大2个峰值年龄为88Ma和200Ma的碎屑锆石群,代表了两大不同的物源区。其中88Ma的物源区主要来自冈底斯南部花岗质岩基的大量剥蚀,源区物质总体具有正的Hf(t)值(-0.6-14.0);而峰值年龄为200Ma的物源区应是中部拉萨地块的具有S型花岗岩特征的岩浆岩,具有负的Hf(t)值(-16.1--1.2)和较大的地壳模式年龄(1.0~2.2Ga)。设兴组最小年龄确定的沉积时限为88-81Ma之间,因此沉积上限为81Ma,结合他人报道的设兴组夹层火山岩的定年结果(72-70Ma),则设兴组的最晚沉积作用时限应为81-70Ma的大约10Ma的时间间隔。 设兴组的综合研究表明,设兴组沉积时间短(81-70Ma)、物源区近,形成的砂岩成熟度低、碎屑矿物缺少磨圆和分选,搬运距离短,代表了一个快速抬升、剥蚀和快速堆积的作用过程,这可能意味着拉萨地块南缘远在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞之前的晚白垩世已经发生过类似南美安第斯山的洋壳俯冲导致的隆升作用过程。
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