金银花(Flos Lonicerae japonicae)为忍冬科植物忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)的干燥花蕾或带初开的花,收载于《中国药典》2005版一部。味甘,性寒,功能清热解毒、凉散风热,主治痈肿疔疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热。为了研究“银翘药对”的有效成分,阐明其药效物质基础,采用现代分离手段和波谱技术对金银花水溶性成分进行了系统的化学研究。
通过各种波谱数据和化合物的理化性质,鉴定了9个化合物的结构,分别为: epi-vogeloside (shh-1), vogeloside (shh-2),獐芽菜苷(sweroside, shh-3), Loniceroside A (3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D- xylopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester,shh-4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hed-eragenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyran-osyl ester (shh-5), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D- xylopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (shh-6), Loniceroside B (3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rham-nopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, shh-7), Loniceroside C (3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, shh-8),绿原酸(chlorogenic acid, shh-9)。其中shh-5和shh-6为新化合物。
建立了金银花药材中忍冬苦苷A和忍冬苦苷C同时测定的高效液相色谱法,并测定了15个药材样品中两者的含量,方法稳定、可靠,分离效果良好,测定结果表明,各地金银花中此两种皂苷成分差异明显,鉴于三萜皂苷为金银花中抗菌消炎主要有效成分之一,故应对金银花中三萜皂苷成分分布做进一步研究。
