秸秆条带还田对土壤理化性质及春玉米产量的影响

被引:0
作者
苏思慧
机构
[1] 沈阳农业大学
关键词
秸秆条带还田; 春玉米; 水稳性团聚体; 水氮分布; 土壤理化性质;
D O I
10.27327/d.cnki.gshnu.2019.000023
年度学位
2019
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
于2017和2018年在辽宁省铁岭张庄菜牛试验站开展大田试验,为探究辽北地区春玉米秸秆条带还田可行性提供参考。2017年以全层旋耕不还田(CK)为对照,对比研究了条带旋耕秸秆还田(T1S1)、条带翻耕秸秆还田(T2S1)、全层旋耕秸秆还田(T1S0)和全层翻耕秸秆还田(T2S0)四种秸秆还田方式对土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮比的影响。同年,对比研究了条带旋耕秸秆还田(T1S1)、条带翻耕秸秆还田(T2S1)、条带旋耕秸秆不还田(T1S2)和条带翻耕秸秆不还田(T2S2)四个处理土壤水稳性团聚体分布和稳定性以及团聚体内部有机碳分布;在此基础上,于2018年研究了土壤水氮分布、水分利用效率及作物产量对不同处理的响应。研究结果表明:1.秸秆还田处理显著增加了土壤有机碳和全氮的含量及储量。其中T1S1处理总有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)储量最高,T2S1处理次之。T1S1和T2S1处理的C:N比在0~40 cm土层均显著高于其他处理,但两个处理间差异不显著。0~10:10~20、0~10:20~30和0~10:30~40 cm的SOC分层比均显著高于CK。TN分层比与SOC分层比趋势一致。2.T1S1和T2S1处理改变了水稳性团聚体组成,提高了其稳定性。T1S1和T2S1处理均增加了各土层大团聚体含量,减少了粘砂粒含量,并且提高了各土层的MWD。其中,T1S1处理对各土层大团聚体和MWD的增幅均最大。T1S1和T2S1处理主要增加了0~20 cm土层大团聚体和微团聚体中有机碳含量以及各土层大团聚体的有机碳贡献率。3.T1S1和T2S1处理提高了土壤蓄水保墒能力。苗期,T1S1和T2S1处理增加了深层土壤含水量。吐丝期T1S1处理土壤含水量显著高于其它三个处理,这可能是由于秸秆层的存在阻碍了水分的下渗和蒸发。4.T1S1和T2S1处理改变了土壤硝态氮的分布。播前,T1S1处理0~100 cm土层的平均土壤硝态氮含量最高。苗期,T1S1和T2S1处理土壤硝态氮主要集中于0~40 cm土层,而40~100 cm土层中,T1S2处理土壤硝态氮含量最高。吐丝期,两个秸秆条带还田处理的土壤硝态氮呈现了明显的带状分布,集中于垄间的耕作和还田区域,形成了植株两侧对称分布的状态。5.秸秆条带还田在正常年份(2017)并未体现出明显的产量优势,但在极端年份(2018)可以提高水分利用效率,减少产量损失,有稳产效果。6.综上所述,旋耕秸秆条带还田是辽北棕壤区较推荐的秸秆还田模式。
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页数:57
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