秸秆还田量的农田生态效应研究

被引:0
作者
强学彩
机构
[1] 中国农业大学
关键词
秸秆还田农田生态系统,土壤微生物,土壤呼吸,脲酶;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2003
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
本文以黄淮海平原小麦、玉米两熟种植制度为研究对象,连续观测了三种不同秸秆还田量的处理对三季作物各个生育期中的农田生态系统主要生态因子的影响,结果如下: 1.不同量秸秆还田对土壤温度的影响效应主要表现在夏季秸秆还田的初期,而且秸秆量越大,地温越高,但处理间的差异不明显。不同量秸秆还田对土壤水分的影响不明显; 2.在秸秆倍量还田范围中,随着秸秆量的增加,CO2释放量增加,连续三季全量、倍量处理分别比无秸秆处理增加了14%,61%; 3.秸秆还田与否,及还田秸秆量的多少,对土壤0-10cm,10-20cm的土壤微生物量的影响不同。2001年全年倍量、全量处理的土壤微生物量分别比无秸秆处理增加了21.93%,19.26%。连续三季秸秆还田后,分别增加11%,22%。随着秸秆还田年限的增加,玉米季土壤微生物量增加,而且波动幅度降低; 4.连续秸秆还田对土壤脲酶活性的影响不大,三种处理脲酶活性的消长与土壤微生物量的一致,都是在作物生育盛期比较活跃,有利于作物对土壤养分的吸收利用。秸秆还田三季后,倍量秸秆还田降低脲酶的活性,而全量秸秆还田增大脲酶的活性; 5.随着秸秆用量的增加,玉米苗期植株出苗量而减少,而小麦分蘖增加。在其他方面的表现并不突出。随着秸秆量增加,作物产量增加,但仅倍量处理的增产效果显著,2001年玉米半量处理、全量处理、倍量处理分别比无秸秆处理增产12%、13%、18%,2002年分别为5%,4%,10%。
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