葡萄自然发酵过程中酵母的分离鉴定及优良葡萄酒酵母筛选

被引:0
作者
程雷
机构
[1] 东北林业大学
关键词
葡萄; 自然发酵; 酵母; 鉴定; 筛选;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2010
学位类型
硕士
摘要
酵母菌是葡萄酒酿造过程中的主要微生物,其酿造学特性直接影响葡萄酒的质量和风格,从葡萄品种原产地可以筛选得到充分展现该品种个性和地域特性的酵母。东北地区是我国葡萄酒的主产区之一,因而选育适合本产区葡萄特性的优良酵母显得尤为重要。本研究的目的是借助我国东北产区独特的地理及生态条件,挖掘东北葡萄酒产区的葡萄酒酵母资源。 本文以产自吉林省松原市‘双红’、‘双优’、‘赤霞珠’、‘黑赛必尔’4个葡萄品种的成熟果实为试材,对4个葡萄品种自然发酵过程中的酵母菌进行分离:应用WL培养基对分离的菌株进行初步分类;通过5.8S rDNA-ITS的PCR-RFLP分析对所分离菌株做进一步的分子鉴定。此基础上,对被鉴定为酿酒酵母的菌株进行筛选,以期从中得到具有优良发酵性状的葡萄酒酵母。 主要结论如下: 1、4个葡萄品种自然发酵过程中共分离葡萄酒相关酵母240株。通过菌株在WL培养基上的培养结果,依据菌落颜色及形态记录,可将全部酵母分为6类。 2、依据酵母菌5.8S rDNA-ITS区的PCR-RFLP酶切图谱,可将本试验分离得到的全部酵母鉴定为5类,分别是葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、粘红酵母(Rhodutorula glutinis)、陆生伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia terricola)和假丝酵母属的Candida sorbosa。 3、试验证实WL培养基可以区分葡萄自然发酵过程中出现的大多数酵母,并且对酿酒酵母鉴定的准确度达到100%。 4、同一产区的山葡萄、欧亚种葡萄、欧美杂种葡萄,其自然发酵过程中的酵母菌群变化基本一致。在发酵前期,葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母占主导地位;到发酵中期,酵母菌群的构成复杂化,含有本试验所分离鉴定的5种酵母;至发酵后期,酿酒酵母在菌群中占有绝对优势。 5、筛选得到2株能够快速启动发酵,且产酒精能力和发酵速率都明显好于活性干酵母的野生葡萄酒酵母,SYC1、HSB20。证明产地葡萄的自然发酵醪液中存在具有优良发酵性能的野生葡萄酒酵母。
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页数:49
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