机械通气患者发生呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素及预后分析

被引:0
作者
张志强
机构
[1] 山东大学
关键词
呼吸机相关性肺炎; 防治; 预后; 高危因素;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2012
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
目的:通过对呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator Associated Pneumonia,VAP)患者的临床资料分析,对VAP的高危因素、预后及其特点进行探讨。 方法:选用2010年7月至2012年3月我院重症医学科住院的建立了人工气道患者156例。严密观察患者的生命体征(体温、呼吸、脉搏、血压等),时刻监测患者的血气变化及痰液性状,并对怀疑感染对象给予痰培养检查。对患者可能的危险因素做队列性研究,对VAP及非VAP的患者的通气时间及住院时间对比分析。 结果:在本组156例机械通气的患者中,VAP患者45例,发生率为28.8%。在45例患者自建立人工气道到出现VAP的时间为48h至30天,平均为(10.5±2.4)天。在对危险因素的单因素分析中,COPD病史>15年、白蛋白<30g/L、连续使用抗生素>3天等13项因素有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,同时使用2种以上的抗生素、重复气管插管、APACHE Ⅱ评分>15分、胃液PH>4、机械通气时间延长为VAP独立危险因素。其痰培养结果31例(68.9%)为单一病原菌感染,14例(31.1%)为两种及两种以上病原菌感染,其余3例混合了真菌感染。对主要致病菌铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌及大肠埃希菌的耐药性进行统计后发现:其对传统抗菌药物青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢类等的耐药性较高,对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星及加酶抑制剂等具有较高的敏感性。与非VAP患者的通气时间相比,2d<>7d明显增多。在住院时间方面,VAP患者的平均住ICU时间明显延长。 结论:VAP在重症医学科中的发生率较高,其发生是多种因素的共同作用结果。抗生素的2种以上的合用,APACHE Ⅱ评分>15分为相对危险因素最大的两个因素。VAP患者预后较差,严重影响患者的生存率。VAP的防治刻不容缓。
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页数:51
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