杉木林草间作初期林下土壤理化性质及水土保持研究

被引:0
作者
胡迅
机构
[1] 四川农业大学
关键词
杉木; 林草间作; 土壤理化性质; 水土保持;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2005
学位类型
硕士
摘要
本实验以杉木和不同牧草的搭配为实验因素,以杉木林下无草地(空白)作为对照,分别种植多年生黑麦草、扁穗牛鞭草、白三叶、紫花苜蓿四种牧草,从而形成四种林草间作模式。由于杉木处于幼龄林,其对土壤理化性质的改变较小,对土壤的改良及水土流失影响的主导因子为牧草的生长所致。因此,本次实验在不考虑杉木的影响下,只考虑林下牧草对土壤理化性质的改变。另在试验区设置坡面人工径流小区,每个小区种植扁穗牛鞭草、鸭茅、紫花苜蓿、菊苣,并以农耕地(玉米)和裸地为对照,观察不同植被类型的水土保持状况,结果表明: 1、四种牧草和杉木间作初期对土壤物理性质改良的研究表明,四种牧草的播植均有效地改善了土壤的物理性质。其中扁穗牛鞭草和三叶草对土壤物理性质的改良效果较好,一年后容重值分别降低了0.08和0.11,总孔隙度增加7.14%和5.10%,毛管孔隙度增加了6.42%和3.71%,田间持水量增加5.33%和3.48%;其次是黑麦草,一年后容重值降低了0.07,总孔隙度增加2.12%,毛管孔隙度增加了1.50%,田间持水量增加3.48%;紫花苜蓿,不管是土壤容重,土壤孔隙度还是田问持水量的改变值均较少,一年后容重值降低0.03,总孔隙度增加1.98%,毛管孔隙度增加了1.36%,田间持水量增加了0.83%。 2、四种牧草和杉木间作初期土壤化学性质改良的研究表明,扁穗牛鞭草和黑麦草两种禾本科牧草对土壤有机质的消耗较大,一年前后分别减少0.332%和0.228%。三叶草和紫花苜蓿两种豆科牧草对土壤有机质的消耗较禾本科牧草底,分别为0.166%和0.119%;禾本科两种牧草全N、速效N的变化较大,扁穗牛鞭草和黑麦草一年前后全N和速效N减少分别0.055%,0.047%和43.11,30.67 mg/kg。两种豆科牧草全N、速效N的变化较禾本科小,三叶草和紫花苜蓿两种豆科牧草一年前后全N和速效N减少分别0.017%,0.026%和9.21,8.27 mg/kg;全K和全P变化幅度较小有减小趋势,但整体改善并不明显。由于观测时间较短,土壤化学性质变化趋势较复杂。 3、各牧草的水土保持能力研究表明,良好的植被覆盖能有效的减少水土流失,不同的植被类型对径流特征和产沙量有很大的影响。参试牧草中,扁穗牛鞭草小区在全年和次降雨中的产流产沙量最少。各牧草小区和对照的小区地表径流深顺序是:
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