糖类物质水解生成乙酰丙酸的研究

被引:0
作者
周昆
机构
[1] 江南大学
关键词
乙酰丙酸; 超声-微波协同; 玉米淀粉; 葡萄糖; 动力学; 抑制;
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2008
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
乙酰丙酸具有良好的反应活性,是一种重要的绿色平台化合物。本文针对目前高温高压条件下酸法水解过程中存在的设备腐蚀问题,采用常温常压条件制备乙酰丙酸,研究了葡萄糖水解反应动力学,以及酮对水解过程中产生的腐黑物的抑制作用。 采用超声-微波协同的方法对不同糖类物质水解生成乙酰丙酸进行比较。研究发现,单糖水解生成乙酰丙酸的速率与其构象有关。寡糖或多糖水解生成乙酰丙酸的速率与其自身的结构及水解为单糖速率和单糖的构象有关。以玉米淀粉为原料制备乙酰丙酸,利用中心组合设计试验优化的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率100 W,反应时间90 min,盐酸浓度4.5 mol/L,液固比为15:1(mL:g),乙酰丙酸得率为23.17%。 研究液固比、盐酸浓度、反应温度对葡萄糖水解反应动力学的影响。液固比可以控制反应动力学的级数:大于30:1(mL:g)为一级反应,小于30:1(mL:g)为零级反应。初始反应速率与盐酸浓度线性正相关。葡萄糖的转化率和乙酰丙酸的生成速率均随反应温度的升高而显著增大。葡萄糖分解反应的活化能为110.63 kJ/mol,乙酰丙酸生成反应的活化能为161.41 kJ/mol。 采用酮抑制葡萄糖水解过程中产生的腐黑物,研究酮对腐黑物的抑制率和对乙酰丙酸得率的影响。同时添加5%(L:L)的丙酮和5%(L:L)的2-丁酮对腐黑物的抑制效果较好,在反应24 h时达到最大抑制率27.52%;在21 h时乙酰丙酸得率最大,为28.93%。此外,两种酮的同时加入使乙酰丙酸生成反应的活化能减少16.28 kJ/mol,有利于乙酰丙酸的生成。氯化钠的添加能起对盐酸催化剂起到活化作用,促进了葡萄糖的分解和乙酰丙酸的生成,使葡萄糖分解反应的活化能减小13.413 kJ/mol,使乙酰丙酸生成反应的活化能减小23.896 kJ/mol。
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页数:68
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