水分胁迫对小麦蔗糖代谢关键酶活性及根系碳分配的影响

被引:0
作者
侯晓林
机构
[1] 西北农林科技大学
关键词
小麦; 水分胁迫; 根系碳消耗; 蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS);
D O I
暂无
年度学位
2009
学位类型
硕士
导师
摘要
我国北方地区小麦在不同生育期经常受到干旱胁迫的影响,导致粮食减产。本研究选用不同基因型小麦,测定了水分亏缺下不同生育期叶片光合固碳、根系耗碳及植株蔗糖代谢关键酶(SPS、SS)活性等生理特性变化。通过剪叶、包穗、包茎等大田试验处理,研究不同器官光合对籽粒产量的贡献。获得以下主要研究结果: 1.根呼吸与根分泌是根系耗碳的主要途径,占根系总耗碳量的比例很高(>50 %)。水分胁迫下,两个品种根系总耗碳量(CT)无差异性变化,但根呼吸耗碳量(CR)显著下降(P<0.05),根分泌物耗碳量(CE)显著上升(P<0.05)。水分胁迫导致两个品种光合固碳量(CP)显著下降(P<0.05),根系相对耗碳量(CT/CP)明显上升,与抗旱品种长武134相比,水分敏感品种郑引1号CT/CP上升幅度较大。表明抗旱品种在干旱胁迫下,根系相对耗碳量相对较少。 2.小麦生育后期,旗叶中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性与籽粒蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性表现为先升后降,花后15d达到峰值。水分胁迫下,不同品种小麦中SPS、SS活性和蔗糖含量、淀粉积累速率均呈下降趋势。而抗旱品种长武134保持了相对较高的SPS、SS活性,并且旗叶中的蔗糖含量与籽粒中淀粉积累速率显著高于水分敏感品种郑引1号。统计分析表明,SPS活性与蔗糖含量、SS活性与淀粉积累速率分别呈极显著与显著正相关(长武134 R1=0.967**,R2=0.854*;郑引1号R1=0.894**,R2=0.874*)。 3.水分胁迫下两个小麦品种叶片光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)不同程度降低,抗旱小麦长武134的Pn、Tr下降幅度较小。在农艺性状方面,水分胁迫下两个小麦品种的穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重呈现下降趋势,抗旱品种长武134穗粒数、千粒重降幅较小,产量水平水分利用效率(WUE)上升,而水分敏感品种郑引1号WUE显著降低(P<0.05)。 4.剪叶、包穗、包茎等处理研究表明,不同基因型小麦不同器官光合产物对籽粒的贡献率差异较大。抗旱小麦秦麦3号和秦麦47非叶器官茎鞘、穗光合对籽粒的贡献率较高(44 %-48 %);水旱兼用型小偃22、碧码1号表现为茎鞘储存物质对籽粒贡献较高。
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