PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN FROM STRAWBERRY CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES - EFFECTS OF SUGAR AND NITROGEN

Production of anthocyanins was investigated, controlling sugar concentration and ratio of ammonium: nitrate in culture medium of strawberry, Fragaria ananassa cv Shikinari. Anthocyanins were produced under 8000 lux for 2 wk using calli derived from suspension cultures of leaf tissues. Yield was greatest in modified LS medium containing 5% sucrose (W/V), a ratio of NH4+ (2 mM):NO3- (28mM), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine. Total anthocyanin was about 15 mg/100 mL of culture medium, almost six times greater than that in MS medium. Effects of sugars were also studied using eight sugars. Cell growth and anthocyanin accumulation were enhanced by glucose, sucrose, and fructose, but anthocyanin compositions were not affected. Major anthocyanins were peonindin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. Peonidin-3-glucoside increased with an increase in the NH4+:NO3- ratio at nitrogen concentration 30 mM, while that of cyanidin-3-glucoside changed vice versa.