THE HYDROPHILICITY AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF CLAY-MINERALS

The terms ''hydrophobic'' and ''hydrophilic'' are typically used in a non-specific sense and, as such, they have a limited utility. Surface thermodynamic theory, as described here, allows a natural and potentially powerful definition of these terms. The boundary between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity occurs when the difference between the apolar attraction and the polar repulsion between molecules or particles of material (1) immersed in water (w) is equal to the cohesive polar attraction between the water molecules. Under these conditions, the interfacial free energy of interaction between particles of 1, immersed in water (ignoring electrostatic interactions), Delta G(1w1)(IF), is exactly zero. When Delta G(1w1)(IF) is positive, the interaction of the material with water dominates and the surface of the material is hydrophilic; when Delta G(1w1)(IF) is negative, the polar cohesive attraction between the water molecules dominates and the material is hydrophobic. Thus, the sign of Delta G(1w1)(IF) defines the nature of the surface and the magnitude of Delta G(1w1)(IF) may be used as the natural quantitative measure of the surface hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity.