THE PATHOGENESIS OF CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS IN DIABETIC PREGNANCY

Miller E, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, Dunn PJ, Gleason RE, Soeldner JS, Kitzmiller JL, Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers, N Engl J Med, 304, pp. 1331-1334, (1981)

Ylinen K, Aula P, Stenman U-H, Kesaniemi-Kuokkanen T, Teramo K, Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high hemoglobin A1c values in early pregnancy, Br Med J, 289, pp. 345-346, (1984)

Greene MF, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, Benacerraf BR, Soeldner JS, First‐trimester hemoglobin A1 and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy, Teratology, 39, pp. 225-231, (1989)

Freinkel N, Cockroft DL, Lewis NJ, Gorman L, Akazawa S, Phillips LS, Shambaugh GE, Fuel‐mediated teratogenesis during early organogenesis: the effects of increased concentrations of glucose, ketones, or somatomedin inhibitor during rat embryo culture, Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 986-995, (1986)

Sadler TW, Hunter ES, Wynn RE, Phillips LS, Evidence for multifactorial origin of diabetes‐induced embryopathies, Diabetes, 38, pp. 70-74, (1989)

Styrud J, Thunberg L, Nybacka O, Eriksson UJ, Correlations between maternal metabolism and deranged development in the offspring of normal and diabetic rats, Pediatr Res, 37, pp. 343-353, (1995)

Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of diabetic mothers to glycemic control during organogenesis, N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 671-676, (1988)

Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and insulin dependent diabetic women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception, N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1617-1623, (1988)

Buchanan TA, Denno KM, Sipos GF, Sadler TW, Diabetic teratogenesis: in vitro evidence for a multifactorial etiology with little contribution from glucose per se, Diabetes, 43, pp. 656-660, (1994)

Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, Semmler K, Glockner E, The effect of intensified conventional insulin therapy before and during pregnancy on the malformation rate in offspring of diabetic mothers, Exp Clin Endocrinol, 83, pp. 173-177, (1984)

Miller E, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, Dunn PJ, Gleason RE, Soeldner JS, Kitzmiller JL, Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers, N Engl J Med, 304, pp. 1331-1334, (1981)

Ylinen K, Aula P, Stenman U-H, Kesaniemi-Kuokkanen T, Teramo K, Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high hemoglobin A1c values in early pregnancy, Br Med J, 289, pp. 345-346, (1984)

Greene MF, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, Benacerraf BR, Soeldner JS, First‐trimester hemoglobin A1 and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy, Teratology, 39, pp. 225-231, (1989)

Freinkel N, Cockroft DL, Lewis NJ, Gorman L, Akazawa S, Phillips LS, Shambaugh GE, Fuel‐mediated teratogenesis during early organogenesis: the effects of increased concentrations of glucose, ketones, or somatomedin inhibitor during rat embryo culture, Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 986-995, (1986)

Sadler TW, Hunter ES, Wynn RE, Phillips LS, Evidence for multifactorial origin of diabetes‐induced embryopathies, Diabetes, 38, pp. 70-74, (1989)

Styrud J, Thunberg L, Nybacka O, Eriksson UJ, Correlations between maternal metabolism and deranged development in the offspring of normal and diabetic rats, Pediatr Res, 37, pp. 343-353, (1995)

Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of diabetic mothers to glycemic control during organogenesis, N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 671-676, (1988)

Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and insulin dependent diabetic women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception, N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1617-1623, (1988)

Buchanan TA, Denno KM, Sipos GF, Sadler TW, Diabetic teratogenesis: in vitro evidence for a multifactorial etiology with little contribution from glucose per se, Diabetes, 43, pp. 656-660, (1994)

Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, Semmler K, Glockner E, The effect of intensified conventional insulin therapy before and during pregnancy on the malformation rate in offspring of diabetic mothers, Exp Clin Endocrinol, 83, pp. 173-177, (1984)