FROM TOOLS TO THEORIES - A HEURISTIC OF DISCOVERY IN COGNITIVE-PSYCHOLOGY

被引:312
作者
GIGERENZER, G [1 ]
机构
[1] CTR ADV STUDY BEHAV SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.254
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The study of scientific discovery-where do new ideas come from?-has long been denigrated by philosophers as irrelevant to analyzing the growth of scientific knowledge. In particular, little is known about how cognitive theories are discovered, and neither the classical accounts of discovery as either probabilistic induction (e.g., Reichenbach, 1938) or lucky guesses (e.g., Popper, 1959), nor the stock anecdotes about sudden "eureka" moments deepen the insight into discovery. A heuristics approach is taken in this review, where heuristics are understood as strategies of discovery less general than a supposed unique logic of discovery but more general than lucky guesses. This article deals with how scientists' tools shape theories of mind, in particular with how methods of statistical inference have turned into metaphors of mind. The tools-to-theories heuristic explains the emergence of a broad range of cognitive theories, from the cognitive revolution of the 1960s up to the present, and it can be used to detect both limitations and new lines of development in current cognitive theories that investigate the mind as an "intuitive statistician."
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页码:254 / 267
页数:14
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