MEMBRANE-PROPERTIES OF MESOPONTINE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS STUDIED WITH THE WHOLE-CELL PATCH-CLAMP TECHNIQUE - IMPLICATIONS FOR BEHAVIORAL STATE CONTROL

1. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study the membrane properties of identified cholinergic and noncholinergic laterodorsal tegmental neurons in slices of rat brain maintained in vitro. 2. On the basis of their expression of the transient outward potassium current I(A) and the transient inward calcium current I(T), three classes of neurons were observed: type I neurons exhibited a large I(T); type II neurons exhibited a prominent I(A); and type III neurons exhibited both I(A) and I(T). 3. Combining intracellular deposition of biocytin with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry revealed that the vast majority of type III neurons were cholinergic, whereas only a minority of type I and type II neurons were cholinergic. Thus mesopontine cholinergic neurons possess intrinisic ionic currents capable of inducing burst firing. 4. Delineation of the intrinsic membrane properties of identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons, in concert with recent results regarding the responses of these neurons to neurotransmitter agents, has led us to present a unifying and mechanistic hypothesis of brain stem cholinergic function in the control of behavioral states.