VALPROIC ACID - INVITRO PLASMA-PROTEIN BINDING AND INTERACTION WITH PHENYTOIN

Because valproic acid (VPA) is highly bound to plasma protein, several variables affecting binding will significantly alter the quantity of free drug which is pharmacologically active. Therefore, total VPA plasma concentrations do not reflect the therapeutic strength of the drug in tissue. We have performed equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration studies of VPA binding to plasma protein. The converging data in these in vitro studies indicate a clinically significant alteration in the percent of free VPA when total drug concentration exceeds 80 jag/ml. Saturation of drug binding sites probably occurs in this range. At 20-60 fig/ml VPA there is 5% free drug, with a significant increase to 8% free at 80 Mg/ml; free drug increases to over 20% at 145 /ttg/ml total VPA. Human plasma, which is low in albumin, has twice the quantity of free VPA as normal plasma (10 versus 5% free). The clinical evidence of interaction between VPA and phenytoin is confirmed in vitro by the increase in the free fraction of both drugs. VPA binding decreases by 3-6%, while phenytoin binding decreases 5-6% as both drugs reach high plasma concentrations. When appropriate, laboratory reports should be available defining concentration of free drug in plasma for optimal interpretation of drug concentrations relative to clinical effects. © 1979 Raven Press, New York.