STRAIN SELECTION, TAXONOMY, AND GENETICS OF CLOSE-FERMENTING YEASTS

被引：72

作者：

JEFFRIES, TW ^{[1
]}

KURTZMAN, CP ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604

来源：

ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY | 1994年 / 16卷 / 11期

关键词：

XYLOSE; STRAIN SELECTION; TAXONOMY; GENETICS; YEAST; FERMENTATION;

D O I：

10.1016/0141-0229(94)90001-9

中图分类号：

Q81 [生物工程学（生物技术）]; Q93 [微生物学];

学科分类号：

071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;

摘要：

Xylose utilization is essential for the efficient conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. The objective of this review is to trace the development of xylose-fermenting yeast strains from their discovery in 1980. Following initial reports, screens of known yeasts identified five species of interest: Candida shehatae, Candida tenuis, Pachysolen tannophilus, Pichia segobiensis, and Pichia stipitis. Candida shehatae strains can be divided into three varieties. Pachysolen tannophilus and Pichia stipitis have been studied most extensively and have the best-understood genetic systems. Improved mutants of P. tannophilis have been obtained by selecting for an inability to oxidize ethanol (eth) and for rapid growth on xylitol and nitrate. Improved P. stipitis mutants have been obtained by selecting for flocculation, decreased utilization of glucose, and growth on noninductive carbon sources. Bacterial xylose isomerase has been cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but the heterologous enzyme is inactive. Xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase have been cloned from P. stipitis and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, giving rise to transformant S. cerevisiae that grow on xylose but that ferment it poorly. A transformation and expression system based on the URA3 marker has recently been developed for P. stipitis so that contemporary genetic methods may be brought to bear on this organism.

引用

页码：922 / 932

页数：11

共 103 条

[1] CLONING AND EXPRESSION IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE OF THE NAD(P)H-DEPENDENT XYLOSE REDUCTASE-ENCODING GENE (XYL1) FROM THE XYLOSE-ASSIMILATING YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS [J].