提高中国农业劳动生产率:农业大国比较与政策启示(英文)

被引:10
作者
陈秧分 [1 ]
李先德 [1 ]
刘玉 [2 ]
机构
[1] 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所
[2] 不详
关键词
农业发展; 农业劳动生产率; 国际比较; 农业政策; 中国农业产业;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
F323 [农业经济建设与发展];
学科分类号
摘要
中国较低的农业劳动生产率,日益成为中国农业竞争力与可持续发展的关键短板。如何提高中国农业劳动生产率,缺乏清晰的一致的理论与经验支撑。本文尝试以1961–2013年间全球32个主要农业大国作为研究对象,采取收敛指数、相关系数、非参数检验等定性与定量相结合的研究方法,分析其农业劳动生产率的变化特征及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)研究期内各国农业劳动生产效率的差距总体上呈现缩小趋势,其中日本等土地资源稀缺国成功实现了农业劳动生产率跃迁,印度等国家与领先国美国的发展差距相对扩大;(2)农业劳动力剩余程度、农产品加工化水平、农业产业结构等因素均显著影响农业劳动生产率,土地资源禀赋、农业机械化水平、生物化投入等因素的影响效应则持续降低甚至不再显著,一定程度上表明农业生产由侧重实现集约化、集中化与规模化转向更加关注市场化、多样化与优质化,是推动农业劳动生产效率提升的经验所在;(3)中国人多地少以及农业劳动力占比仍超过30%的基本国情,决定当前政策应以提高以小农为基础的农业生产效率为重点,中长期则需通过诱致性技术进步、生产要素替代、多功能农业发展等相关政策安排来根本上提高中国农业竞争力。
引用
收藏
页码:575 / 584
页数:10
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