Essential fatty acids: Biochemistry, physiology and pathology

被引：490

作者：

UND Life Sciences, Shaker Heights, OH, United States ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] UND Life Sciences, Shaker Heights, OH

来源：

Biotechnol. J. | 2006年 / 4卷 / 420-439期

关键词：

Alpha/gamma-linolenic acid; Arachidonic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Essential fatty acids; Linoleic acid;

D O I：

10.1002/biot.200600012

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Essential fatty acids (EFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and αlinolenic acid (ALA) are essential for humans, and are freely available in the diet. Hence, EFA deficiency is extremely rare in humans. To derive the full benefits of EFAs, they need to be metabolized to their respective long-chain metabolites, i.e., dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from LA; and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALA. Some of these long-chain metabolites not only form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), but also give rise to lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins that have potent anti-inflammatory actions. Furthermore, EFAs and their metabolites may function as endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme and 3-hdroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) enhancers, anti-hypertensives, and anti-atherosclerotic molecules. Recent studies revealed that EFAs react with NO to yield respective nitroalkene derivatives that exert cell-signaling actions via ligation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The metabolism of EFAs is altered in several diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, EFAs and their derivatives have varied biological actions and seem to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

引用

页码：420 / 439

页数：19

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