虚拟现实(VR)沉浸式环境如何实现深度取向的学习投入?——复杂任务情境中的学习效果研究

被引:30
作者
刘妍 [1 ]
胡碧皓 [1 ]
尹欢欢 [1 ]
方文波 [1 ]
顾小清 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 华东师范大学教育信息技术学系
[2] 华东师范大学上海数字化教育装备工程技术研究中心
关键词
VR学习环境; 深度投入; 多通道信息处理; 知识留存率; 眼动跟踪;
D O I
10.15881/j.cnki.cn33-1304/g4.2021.04.008
中图分类号
G434 [计算机化教学];
学科分类号
040110 ;
摘要
虚拟现实(VR)沉浸式环境打破了场景边界,给学习者带来了身临其境般的体验,但鲜有研究关注VR环境如何实现深度取向的学习投入。针对这一问题的研究可设计为:假设VR环境与2D媒体提供的场景资源对学习效果和学习投入之间产生差异,利用VR"遨游人类皮肤"场景,设计基于皮肤知识的任务和测试内容,借助眼动数据和相关量表,跟踪和测试学习深度投入、注意力表现、学业表现、即时测试成绩和知识留存率(一周后测试成绩),藉此深入探究VR环境对深度投入的作用机制。研究显示:虽然实验结束后立即测试VR组和非VR组没有明显差异,但是一周后的知识留存率却存在显著性差异。这证实了在VR环境中能够保持学习和强化学习者的长期记忆,即VR环境中的学习能够不断促进学习者的深度信息加工和学习投入。此外,VR学习能够实现陈述性知识和程序性知识的情景化,促进知识保留和内化,增强学习体验和深度投入。其原因在于,VR沉浸式环境提供了多通道感知和复合型信息检索的机会,能够帮助学习者集中注意力和深层次信息检索。研究结果表明:在VR环境中视听感官体验能够提升学习者的情感投入,可以帮助学习者获得更为持久的记忆效果,促进深度取向的学习投入;VR学习需要考虑学习者的眩晕感等生理因素和临场情绪,及时调整学习进度和内容。因此,建议开放VR教学设计的角色,鼓励一线教师参与定制化的VR沉浸式资源,优化凸显情感元素的VR学习内容,设计多通道感知的知识情境,形成"设计—教学—诊断—反馈—干预"的学习资源设计,以提升学习者的认知水平和综合能力。
引用
收藏
页码:72 / 82
页数:11
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