脑缺血后谷氨酸通路及其调控的研究进展

被引:41
作者
胡捷先
陈献华
机构
[1] 复旦大学脑科学研究院医学神经生物学国家重点实验室
关键词
脑缺血; 谷氨酸; 受体; 转运体; 兴奋性毒性; 神经保护;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R743.3 [急性脑血管疾病(中风)];
学科分类号
100204 [神经病学];
摘要
谷氨酸作为主要的兴奋性神经递质,在脑内正常生理状态下有重要作用,但在脑缺血等多种病理状态下,谷氨酸在脑内大量释放和堆积,导致对神经元的过度刺激,引起兴奋性毒性,并成为缺血性神经元损伤的主要诱发因素。谷氨酸的兴奋性毒性主要通过与神经元细胞膜上的受体结合,引起细胞内Na+和Ca2+增加。胞内Ca2+浓度增加会引起线粒体功能异常、蛋白酶激活、活性氧增加及NO的释放,从而引起神经元的死亡;胞内Na+增加将引起过量水分进入细胞,造成神经细胞毒性水肿和细胞死亡。因此,深入了解脑缺血后上述谷氨酸通路的调控机制,并针对该通路的不同环节进行干预,将为阻止或减轻缺血性神经元损伤提供有效途径。多种针对谷氨酸通路的脑缺血治疗策略正在积极探索中,如抑制谷氨酸合成或释放、增加谷氨酸清除、阻断谷氨酸受体或抑制细胞内Ca2+浓度增加等。本文将对缺血性脑中风后,谷氨酸引起兴奋性毒性的机制以及该系统的调控机制、相应干预策略的研究进展进行综述。
引用
收藏
页码:724 / 731
页数:8
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