阿尔泰造山带花岗岩时空演变、构造环境及地壳生长意义——以中国阿尔泰为例

被引:155
作者
王涛 [1 ]
童英 [1 ]
李舢 [1 ]
张建军 [1 ]
史兴俊 [1 ]
李锦轶 [1 ]
韩宝福 [2 ]
洪大卫 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国地质科学院地质研究所
[2] 北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室
关键词
花岗岩; 锆石年代学; 同位素; 区域变形; 构造演化; 中亚造山带;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
P588.121 [];
学科分类号
摘要
阿尔泰造山带横跨中、俄、哈、蒙四国边界,是中亚造山带主要组成部分,发育大量的花岗岩等侵入体。本文研究总结这些岩体的时空演变、成因类型和构造环境,并探讨其增生造山和地壳生长意义。依据锆石年龄,这些岩体可大致分为早中古生代的470~440Ma(中晚奥陶世)和425~360Ma(晚志留世—晚泥盆世)、晚古生代的355~318Ma(早石炭世)和290~270Ma(早二叠世)以及早中生代245~190Ma(中晚三叠世—早侏罗世)3个阶段5个期次,其中425~360Ma花岗岩可进一步细分为425~390Ma和380~360Ma两个峰期。早中古生代(470~360Ma)花岗岩体分布广泛,主要为钙碱性I型,多具不同程度变形,其中470~440Ma岩体变形极强(片麻岩体)。它们为同造山俯冲增生产物,形成于活动陆缘俯冲(470~440Ma)、继续俯冲弧后盆地伸展(420~390Ma)到聚合碰撞(380~360Ma)的过程中。早石炭世岩体发育于造山带南部,为不变形圆形状或不规则状,具典型碱性花岗岩特征,为晚(后)造山产物。早二叠世岩体主要发育于阿尔泰造山带南部,少量分布于造山带内部,多为圆形,不变形,少量变形岩体集中在额尔齐斯构造带内,成因类型以I、A型为特点,伴生有大量基性岩脉(体),显示为后造山底侵伸展环境。早中生代岩体为不变形圆形或不规则状,具有高分异I型和S型花岗岩特征,伴有稀有金属矿产,具有板内环境特点。花岗岩体同位素填图显示,阿尔泰中部块体岩体具有较低的εNd(t)值和老的Nd同位素模式年龄(1~1.3Ga),暗示存在古老地壳基底;由北向南εNd(t)值增高,模式年龄变年轻,显示陆壳向南生长,其中水平和垂向生长率分别为18%~28%和7%~8%。中生代时期阿尔泰造山带保留水平增生结构,没有发生大规模构造块体垂向叠覆。阿尔泰造山带经历了古陆缘构造演化,奥陶纪—志留纪陆缘俯冲,泥盆纪陆弧及陆缘边缘裂解、弧后盆地形成,晚泥盆世最终洋盆闭合及早石炭世各块体拼合的演化过程。该研究表明增生造山带中同样存在构造演化的阶段性;中亚增生造山作用不仅具有弧前增生,而且还存在陆缘裂解再拼合作用。
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页码:595 / 618
页数:24
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