近30年青海三江源西部干旱区草地退化特征的遥感分析

被引：14

作者：

邵景安

芦清水

张小咏

机构：

[1] 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

来源：

自然资源学报 | 2008年 / 04期

关键词：

草地退化; 时空差异; 干旱区; 遥感分析; 三江源区;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S812 [草地学、草原学];

学科分类号：

090503 ; 0909 ;

摘要：

使用自20世纪70年代末2004年的3期遥感图像(70 sMSS、90 sTM和2004年TM/ETM),研究了近30年青海三江源西部干旱区草地退化的格局与过程,结果表明:整个研究时段内,草地退化发生面积占总草地面积的10%左右,且以草地覆盖度轻度下降为主,其退化面积占总草地退化面积的80%以上,其次是轻度沙化/盐化,相应比重占10%以上。草地退化面积呈东南向西北减少趋势,退化程度呈东南向西北降低格局,而退化类型也由复合型向单一型过渡。整个时段内,草地退化面积呈增加趋势,尤其是沙化面积增加较快。不同海拔、坡度和坡向间草地退化面积差异显著。海拔4 8005 100m范围内为草地退化发生的主要分布区,4 5004 800m和5 100m以上草地退化基本相当。退化率较高的坡度级别介于28°之间,类似于草地面积随坡度变化的基本趋势。不同坡向呈阴坡、半阴半阳坡高于阳坡的态势。脆弱的基底、极端气候年际间周期波动等限制性因子控制着草地退化的基本格局,人为扰动则决定草地退化的强度和速度。总体看来,研究区地带性自然条件决定的荒漠化草地已占据主导地位,人类活动相对较弱,草地退化程度增加趋势不明显,新的草地退化现象不十分突出。

引用

页码：643 / 656

页数：14

共 21 条

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