树轮记录的小冰期以来青藏高原气候变化的时空特征

被引：46

作者：

杨保

机构：

[1] 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室

来源：

第四纪研究 | 2012年 / 32卷 / 01期

关键词：

小冰期; 青藏高原; 温度变化; 湿度变化; 区域差异;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

P467 [气候变化、历史气候];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

小冰期气候为评估现代气候变化提供了最直接的背景。本文主要依据树轮资料,同时结合现代仪器观测记录,利用经验正交函数(EOF)方法探讨了青藏高原小冰期以来气候变化的时空特征。首先分析了高原的温度变化。近50年来青藏高原的温度变化基本同相位变化,没有明显的区域差异;乌兰树轮序列是青藏高原的冬半年(9～4月)温度代用指标;利用6条指示夏季或暖季温度变化的树轮序列合并形成的新序列可指示高原春季-夏季(3～8月)温度变化;依据RCS(区域曲线标准化)方法建立的昌都树轮序列,能够反映整个青藏高原的年平均温度变化;不同季节的温度重建序列均显示17世纪和18世纪20～70年代是高原小冰期气候寒冷的时期,而18世纪初,19世纪后半叶,20世纪中期的气候较温暖,且均显示20世纪末期气候的快速增暖事实。其次,从重建的亚洲区域夏季PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index)网格化数据集中提取42个网格点数据,分析了过去700年(1300～2005A.D.)高原的湿度变化。发现前3个特征向量代表了高原过去湿度变化的主要空间模态,与利用器测降水记录展开的EOF模态基本一致,表明主导高原干湿变化时空差异的物理过程是稳定的,不随时间而变化;近700年来高原南北部湿度变化具有明显的区域差异,最显著的差别是:自20世纪中期以来高原北部存在明显的变湿趋势,而高原南部却恰恰相反,呈现逐渐变干的趋势;近700年来高原南部的干湿变化有超前于高原北部的趋势。

引用

页码：81 / 94

页数：14

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