覆膜和施氮肥对玉米产量和根层土壤硝态氮分布和去向的影响

被引：27

作者：

王秀康 ^{[1
,2
]}

邢英英 ^{[1
]}

李占斌 ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] 不详

[2] 延安大学生命科学学院

[3] 不详

[4] 中国科学院水利部水土保持与生态环境研究中心

[5] 不详

来源：

中国农业科学 | 2016年 / 20期

关键词：

玉米; 覆膜; 施肥; 硝态氮; 氮肥利用率;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S513 [玉米（玉蜀黍）];

学科分类号：

摘要：

【目的】采用大田覆膜栽培技术,研究西北黄土塬区覆膜和施肥量对玉米产量、根层土壤硝态氮分布和去向的影响,为西北黄土塬区合理施氮和农业可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】试验共设置6个处理,分别为:（1）对照组（CK）:不施肥、不覆膜;（2）覆膜和不施肥处理（MN0）;（3）施基肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2,磷肥80 kg·hm-2)和不覆膜处理（BN1）;（4）施基肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2,磷肥80 kg·hm-2)和覆膜处理（MN1）;（5）施基肥(氮肥80kg·hm-2,磷肥80 kg·hm-2)、追施氮肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2)和不覆膜处理（BN2）;（6）施基肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2,磷肥80 kg·hm-2)、追施氮肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2)和覆膜处理（MN2）,测定玉米产量、土壤水分、土壤硝态氮分布和玉米地上部氮素吸收量的差异。【结果】玉米地上部干物质积累量随着生育期的推进呈持续增加的趋势,干物质积累速率也随之增加,两年的干物质积累量主要表现为MN2>BN2>MN1>BN1>CK>MN0;玉米产量随着地上部干物质积累量的增加而增加,覆膜和施肥显著提高玉米产量,2012年,BN1和MN1处理的产量比CK处理分别提高了31.41%和38.33%,BN2和MN2处理的产量比CK处理分别提高了49.89%和79.06%;覆膜提高了玉米根层土壤水分含量,在整个生育期的影响程度为先增加、后降低;随生育期推进,不施肥处理根层土壤硝态氮含量持续下降,土壤上层（0—50 cm）硝态氮含量略大于下层（50—100 cm）,土壤上、下层间的硝态氮含量差异逐渐减弱;在施基肥和追肥处理下,覆膜有提高土壤硝态氮含量的作用;玉米地上部对根层氮素的吸收率与施肥量正相关,覆膜和施肥对玉米氮素吸收量影响显著,在不施肥条件下,覆膜对氮素吸收量影响不显著;覆膜处理的氮素去向表现为:植株地上部氮素吸收量>氮素残留量>氮素表观损失量;两年的氮肥回收率表现为MN2>BN2>MN1>BN1,覆膜可以显著提高氮肥回收率。【结论】综合考虑玉米产量、氮素表观损失和氮肥利用率,施基肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2,磷肥80kg·hm-2)、追施氮肥(氮肥80 kg·hm-2)和覆膜处理（MN2）显著提高玉米产量、表层土壤含水量,以及减缓硝态氮向深层迁移速度、降低氮素表观损失量和提高氮肥利用率,推荐MN2处理为最佳处理。

引用

页码：3944 / 3957

页数：14

共 46 条

[11]

土壤发生与系统分类[M]. 科学出版社 , 龚子同等, 2007

[12]

Effects of mulching and nitrogen on soil temperature, water content, nitrate-N content and maize yield in the Loess Plateau of China[J] . Wang Xiukang,Li Zhanbin,Xing Yingying.Agricultural Water Management . 2015

[13]

Optimizing nitrogen input by balancing winter wheat yield and residual nitrate-N in soil in a long-term dryland field experiment in the Loess Plateau of China[J] . Jian Dai,Zhaohui Wang,Fucui Li,Gang He,Sen Wang,Qiang Li,Hanbing Cao,Laichao Luo,Yaling Zan,Xiaoyu Meng,Wenwei Zhang,Ronghui Wang,Sukhdev S. Malhi.Field Crops Research . 2015

[14]

Estimation and mitigation of N 2 O emission and nitrate leaching from intensive crop cultivation in the Haean catchment, South Korea[J] . Youngsun Kim,Youngho Seo,David Kraus,Steffen Klatt,Edwin Haas,John Tenhunen,Ralf Kiese.Science of the Total Environment . 2015

[15]

A 5-year lysimeter monitoring of nitrate leaching from wheat–maize rotation system: Comparison between optimum N fertilization and conventional farmer N fertilization[J] . Xianlong Yang,Yongli Lu,Yan’an Tong,Xiaofang Yin.Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment . 2015

[16]

Amount of organic matter required to induce sulfate reduction in sulfuric material after re-flooding is affected by soil nitrate concentration[J] . Chaolei Yuan,Luke M. Mosley,Rob Fitzpatrick,Petra Marschner.Journal of Environmental Management . 2015

[17]

Effect of no-tillage with weed cover mulching versus conventional tillage on global warming potential and nitrate leaching[J] . Atsushi Yagioka,Masakazu Komatsuzaki,Nobuhiro Kaneko,Hideto Ueno.Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment . 2014

[18]

Determining the optimal nitrogen rate for summer maize in China by integrating agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects[J] . G. L. Wang,Y. L. Ye,X. P. Chen,Z. L. Cui.Biogeosciences . 2014 (11)

[19] Model-based optimisation of nitrogen and water management for wheat–maize systems in the North China Plain [J].

Anna Michalczyk ;

Kurt Christian Kersebaum ;

Marco Roelcke ;

Tobias Hartmann ;

Shan-Chao Yue ;

Xin-Ping Chen ;

Fu-Suo Zhang .

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2014, 98 :203-222

[20]

The effects of mulching on maize growth, yield and water use in a semi-arid region[J] . Ling-duo Bu,Jian-liang Liu,Lin Zhu,Sha-sha Luo,Xin-ping Chen,Shi-qing Li,Robert Lee Hill,Ying Zhao.Agricultural Water Management . 2013

← 1 2 3 4 5 →