基于Budyko假设的三江源径流变化特性及量化分离

被引:10
作者
商放泽 [1 ,2 ]
王可昳 [1 ]
黄跃飞 [1 ]
魏加华 [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室
[2] 中电建生态环境集团有限公司
[3] 青海大学水利电力学院
基金
中国博士后科学基金;
关键词
三江源; 径流; 气候; 下垫面; 归一化差分植被指数;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
P333 [水文分析与计算];
学科分类号
081501 ;
摘要
根据1956—2012年气象和水文站点的降雨、气温、蒸发等实测和相关数据,采用线性趋势法、非参数MannKendall法和Spearman法,分析了三江源地区降雨、气温、NDVI(归一化植被指数,normal difference vegetation index)和径流变化特征,并采用基于Budyko假设的互补关系权重因子法量化分离气候和下垫面对径流影响。结果表明,长江源和澜沧江源降雨量呈显著增加趋势,三江源气温呈显著增加趋势,黄河源NDVI呈显著增加趋势。长江源、黄河源和澜沧江源径流量10年变化幅度分别为6.54亿m3、-2.05亿m3和1.54亿m3。所使用的互补关系权重因子法不仅可以准确地计算出径流年均值的变化,并且量化分离时无需假定气候和下垫面变化对径流变化具有相同的贡献特征。总体来说,长江源、黄河源气候和下垫面变化对径流的影响为正贡献;但是澜沧江源α(权重因子)等于1.0时下垫面变化对径流的影响为正贡献,而α为0.5和0时下垫面对径流的影响为负贡献。长江源、黄河源和澜沧江源气候变化对径流的贡献分别为55.21%~92.85%、52.47%~68.50%、89.91%~124.58%。三江源径流变化主要受到气候变化影响,降雨量是气候变化影响径流的主要控制因子,植被覆盖是下垫面变化影响径流的主要控制因子。
引用
收藏
页码:305 / 316
页数:12
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