人口老龄化、社会保障及对劳动力市场的影响

被引：32

作者：

封进

机构：

[1] 复旦大学经济学院

来源：

中国经济问题 | 2019年 / 05期

关键词：

人口老龄化; 社会保障; 减税降费; 劳动力市场; 劳动生产率;

D O I：

10.19365/j.issn1000-4181.2019.05.02

中图分类号：

F249.2 [中国]; D632.1 [社会保障与社会福利]; D669.6 [中、老年];

学科分类号：

020207 ; 1202 ; 120202 ; 020106 ; 120404 ; 1204 ;

摘要：

我国已建立起以社会保险为核心的社会保障制度,以更好满足老龄社会的需求,但不容忽视的是人口老龄化和社会保障制度对劳动力市场带来了冲击。表现为,企业社保缴费降低了劳动需求;退休年龄制度减少了老年劳动参与,延迟退休又有可能减少隔代照料供给,不利于年轻一代劳动供给;社保基金在地区层面运营阻碍了劳动力流动;劳动力高龄化倒逼企业更多使用自动化和机器人,提高了劳动生产率,但同时减少了劳动需求。本文从降低社保缴费、提高统筹层次、改革僵化的退休年龄政策、建设婴幼儿社会照料体系和构建适应自动化和数字化的社保体系等方面提出政策建议,以充分利用劳动力资源,发挥老龄社会对经济增长的积极影响。

引用

页码：15 / 33

页数：19

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