伊洛地区裴李岗至二里头文化时期复杂社会的演变——地理信息系统基础上的人口和农业可耕地分析

The Yiluo basin is the heartland of the origin of early states in China.Based on the archaeological data from the undergoing Yiluo Project,as well as theories and methods of population estimation,carrying capacity,and catchment productivity developed during the past decades in the West,this paper constructs a GIS based study detailing population fluctuation and development of social complexity in the surveyed region from the Peiligang to Erlitou period.The basic framework of this paper's study consists of three parts:an estimation of population size,the reconstruction of carrying capacity and catchment productivity with the help of GIS softwares and the interpretation of interaction between the population fluctuation and the development of social complexity as well as the redistribution of resource reflected by the land-use ratio.The study demonstrates that the increase of population size tightly coincided with the initiation of social complexity.Although the increase of population didn't likely lead to survival pressure,it might have provided more opportunities for elites to intentionally manipulate different strategies to maintain power and establish a more complex social structure.From the late Yangshao to the Erlitou Periods,many settlements in the surveyed region began to suffer shortfall of agricultural lands.This paper employs two models to explain the shortfall:1)The "redistribution" model proposes that the food shortage of a site will be met up by the redistribution of food from other sites.2)The "special resources" model proposes that sites short of agricultural land might have special resources for the exchange of food.