团队运动重复冲刺能力研究进展——现状与展望

被引：8

作者：

蔡旭旦 ^{[1
,2
]}

陈小平 ^{[2
,3
]}

周年生 ^{[2
]}

冯锐 ^{[2
]}

石芳 ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] 上海体育学院体育教育训练学院

[2] 宁波大学体育学院

[3] 国家体育总局体育科学研究所

来源：

体育科学 | 2017年 / 37卷 / 12期

关键词：

重复冲刺; 团队运动; 高强度间歇训练; 运动表现;

D O I：

10.16469/j.css.201712011

中图分类号：

G808.1 [运动训练];

学科分类号：

040303 ;

摘要：

梳理历年来有关重复冲刺能力(Repeated Sprint Ability,RSA)的研究文献(n=247),对重复冲刺领域的研究现状和发展方向进行了综述和展望。重复冲刺是指运动员完成连续多次短时间的冲刺(≤10 s)并间歇较短的休息时间(≤60 s)的运动。磷酸原和糖酵解供能是重复冲刺冲刺阶段的主要供能方式,随着冲刺次数增加,磷酸原供能比例上升,糖酵解供能比例下降;有氧氧化是重复冲刺间歇恢复阶段的主要供能方式。高强度间歇训练、重复冲刺训练等训练方式能够显著提升运动员重复冲刺中整体做功、最快速度等能力;耐力训练和低氧训练能够显著提升重复冲刺间的间歇恢复能力。重复冲刺平均速度、最快速度与下肢力量、下肢爆发力之间有显著的相关关系;重复冲刺下降率与有氧能力有显著的相关关系。合理摄入咖啡因、肌酸、碳酸氢钠等物质,能够显著提升运动员重复冲刺整体做功、最大输出功率、肌肉缓冲恢复等能力。建议在团队运动训练过程中重视短时间(5～15 s)、合理间歇(20～30 s)的重复冲刺训练,重视运动员的营养和恢复过程。重复冲刺能力的新型训练方法以及重复冲刺训练对大众健康的影响是重复冲刺研究领域未来的发展方向。

引用

页码：78 / 93

页数：16

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