节水灌溉对节水抗旱水稻品种产量的影响及生理基础

被引：40

作者：

张耗

剧成欣

陈婷婷

曹转勤

王志琴

杨建昌

机构：

[1] 不详

[2] 扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室

[3] 不详

来源：

中国农业科学 | 2012年 / 23期

关键词：

水稻; 节水灌溉; 节水抗旱品种; 产量; 水分利用效率; 生理特征;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S511 [稻];

学科分类号：

摘要：

【目的】探明节水抗旱水稻品种在节水灌溉条件下产量形成特点及生理基础。【方法】2个节水抗旱品种旱优113(杂交籼稻)和旱优8号(杂交粳稻)及2个当地高产品种两优培九(两系杂交籼稻)和扬辐粳8号(粳稻)种植于土培池和大田,自移栽后10 d至成熟设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉处理。【结果】与常规灌溉相比,当地高产品种在节水灌溉条件下产量显著降低,两种灌溉方式间的节水抗旱品种产量无显著差异。节水灌溉显著减少灌溉水量,提高灌溉水生产力(产量/灌溉水量),节水抗旱品种灌溉水生产力增幅大于当地高产品种。与当地高产品种相比较,节水抗旱品种在节水灌溉条件下的相对分蘖数和每穗颖花数(节水灌溉分蘖数或颖花数/常规灌溉分蘖数或颖花数)较多,结实率较高;整个生育期绿叶面积持续期长,抽穗期根重较高、抽穗后根系氧化力、根系和叶片中细胞分裂素(玉米素+玉米素核苷)含量、剑叶光合速率和籽粒中蔗糖合酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性、抽穗期至成熟期的干物质积累量、茎中非结构性碳水化合物的运转率和收获指数较高。土培池与大田试验结果趋势一致。【结论】在节水灌溉条件下节水抗旱品种比当地高产品种可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率;节水抗旱品种在节水灌溉条件下较好的根系性能和地上部植株较强的生理活性是其高产与水分高效利用的重要生理基础。

引用

页码：4782 / 4793

页数：12

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