集合模式定量降水预报的统计后处理技术研究综述

被引:81
作者
代刊 [1 ]
朱跃建 [2 ]
毕宝贵 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国国家气象中心
[2] 美国国家环境预报中心/环境模式中心
关键词
集合预报; 定量降水预报; 统计后处理; 误差订正;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
P457.6 [降水预报];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
集合数值模式预报已在定量降水预报业务中广泛应用,以获得预报不确定性、最可能预报结果以及极端天气预警。由于集合系统的数值模式不完善,且不能提供所有的不确定性信息,常表现出系统性偏差以及欠离散或过离散(如对于多模式集合)。为此,需要发展统计后处理技术,在尽量保持集合预报解析度的条件下,提高预报的技巧和可靠性。近年来,各种集合预报统计后处理技术得到快速发展。针对定量降水预报,依据技术方法的途径和成熟度将后处理研究归纳为3方面进行总结,包括:(1)不基于统计模型的非参数化后处理,包括集合定量降水预报偏差订正、多成员或模式信息集成以及基于空间分析的对流尺度模式后处理;(2)基于概率分布统计模型的参数化后处理,包括集合模式输出统计和贝叶斯模型平均两种方法框架;(3)考虑预报量的时间、空间和多变量间依赖关系或结构的处理方法,包括参数化和经验连接概率法。最后,讨论发展统计后处理技术需要关注的问题,包括考虑不同来源、不同尺度的多模式信息集成;提供高质量、高分辨率的降水分析资料;发展再预报技术扩充训练样本;基于不同的订正目的和应用场景来使用不同的后处理技术;发展面向海量预报数据、捕捉极端降水以及考虑预报量结构的新技术。
引用
收藏
页码:493 / 510
页数:18
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