基于流域地貌的中小河流致洪动态临界面雨量阈值研究

被引:7
作者
包红军 [1 ,2 ]
林建 [1 ,2 ]
曹爽 [1 ,2 ]
王蒙 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 国家气象中心
[2] 中国气象局-河海大学水文气象研究联合实验室
基金
国家重点研发计划;
关键词
中小河流洪水预警; 动态临界面雨量阈值; 指数模型; 地形地貌; GMKHM分布式水文模型; 中国东部;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
P931.1 [流水地貌学、湿润地貌学]; TV87 [防洪工程];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ; 081504 ;
摘要
构建基于流域下垫面地形地貌的中小河流致洪动态临界面雨量阈值移植技术,旨在提出一种解决无资料中小流域洪水预警方法。选取影响中小河流致洪的四个流域特征信息:面积、河道坡度、土地利用类型和土壤类型,建立基于流域土壤饱和度的致洪动态临界面雨量阈值与四个流域特征数据之间的指数模型;将指数模型移植至无资料或缺资料中小流域,根据待求的四个流域特征确定致洪动态临界面雨量阈值。选取我国东部亚热带季风气候区的淮河潢川流域、钱塘江屯溪与渔梁流域、太湖西苕溪与南苕溪流域五个中小流域为试验流域,以警戒洪水为例,结合流域长序列水文气象资料,基于GMKHM分布式水文模型分别推求出潢川、渔梁、西苕溪与南苕溪流域致洪动态临界面雨量阈值;依据建立的指数模型,推求确定屯溪流域致洪动态临界面雨量阈值,并与基于长序列水文气象资料反演出的动态临界面雨量阈值在屯溪流域35场典型洪水预警中的效果对比验证。结果表明,本研究构建的中小河流洪水致洪动态临界面雨量阈值模型与基于长序列水文气象资料的动态临界面雨量阈值反演模型在屯溪流域洪水预警效果相近,命中率为91.4%,对无资料中小河流洪水预报预警与山洪灾害预警均有一定的借鉴意义。
引用
收藏
页码:1495 / 1507
页数:13
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