转基因水稻研究的回顾与展望

被引:74
作者
陈浩
林拥军
张启发
机构
[1] 武汉华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室
关键词
水稻; 转基因水稻; 绿色超级稻;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S511 [稻];
学科分类号
摘要
水稻作为世界上超过一半人口的主食,是最重要的粮食作物之一.在过去的半个多世纪里,水稻育种取得了巨大的成功.水稻的单位产量实现了翻番,部分地方甚至提高至3倍,这为保障世界粮食安全作出了巨大的贡献.但近十几年来水稻的产量停滞不前,这一方面是由于在育种技术上没有新的突破以及遗传多样性在栽培品种中的逐步变窄,另一方面也是因为频繁发生的病虫害以及旱灾等自然灾害使得水稻生产损失惨重.然而,世界人口的持续增长以及社会经济的快速发展导致对粮食的需求不断增加.针对这些问题,我国学者提出了培育绿色超级稻的设想,围绕水稻抗病虫、抗旱、营养高效利用、优质、高产等五大重要性状,对水稻品种进行全面改良以实现农业的可持续发展.而转基因技术作为一种新兴的育种手段,在实现绿色超级稻目标上将发挥重要作用.水稻的转基因研究始于20世纪80年代末期,迄今已有大量的转基因水稻研究被报道,其中大部分的研究内容与绿色超级稻所要实现的目标一致.本文首先回顾水稻遗传转化技术的发展,再以抗病虫、抗旱、营养高效利用、优质、高产、外加抗除草剂等几大主要性状为主线对转基因水稻取得的主要研究成果进行逐一阐述,最后对转基因水稻的发展进行展望.
引用
收藏
页码:2699 / 2717
页数:19
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