提高农田水分利用效率的调控机制

被引：98

作者：

张喜英

机构：

[1] 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心

来源：

中国生态农业学报 | 2013年 / 01期

关键词：

水分利用效率; 研究进展; 作物耗水过程; 遗传改良; 根系调控;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S318 [其他栽培技术与方法];

学科分类号：

090101 [作物栽培学与耕作学];

摘要：

提高作物水分利用效率是解决农业淡水资源匮乏的重要途径。本文从水氮调控作物叶片和群体耗水过程、根系调控提高土壤水分的有效性和遗传改良提升作物水分利用效率3个方面论述了国内外研究进展,并提出华北粮食作物生产中通过上述3个方面提升农田水分利用效率存在的问题及对策,为提升华北严重缺水区主要作物农田水分利用效率提供参考。主要包括:1)通过调控有限灌溉农田水分的时空分布,优化地上、地下干物质形成、分配,提高单位农田耗水的生产效率,是充分发挥农田节水潜力的一个重要途径;2)在华北对于压实严重且影响作物生长的土壤上,研究深耕深松结合轮作制度改良上层和下层土壤压实,促进根系生长,对改善长期大型机械耕种可能对作物产生的不利影响有重要意义;3)华北主要作物冬小麦和夏玉米通过品种更新来实现水分利用效率提高的幅度在减小,急需通过高水效品种选育突破,降低品种的生理需水量,实现进一步增产节水目标。

引用

页码：80 / 87

页数：8

共 28 条

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