全球主要国家环境可持续性综合评估——基于碳、水、土地的足迹-边界整合分析

被引:14
作者
方恺 [1 ,2 ]
段峥 [3 ]
机构
[1] 荷兰莱顿大学环境科学系
[2] 浙江大学环境与能源政策研究中心
[3] 不详
关键词
环境可持续性; 环境足迹; 环境边界; 国际比较;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
X22 [环境与发展];
学科分类号
摘要
随着地球生态系统的交互性、复杂性与整体性特征日益显现,综合分析和比较各类人为环境影响及其最大安全阈值,对于从整体上判断人类活动的可持续性、揭示承载力的超载程度具有重要意义。基于环境足迹和行星边界两项新概念,运用极差法和目标距离法对全球30个主要国家的碳、水和土地赤字数据进行了标准化与权重化处理,得到一个复合的国家环境可持续性压力指数,并结合3项环境赤字的实际分布状况,将所有国家划分为4类:环境强可持续性(3国)、环境弱可持续性(8国)、环境弱不可持续性(9国)、环境强不可持续性(10国)。总体上,环境可持续性压力呈现南美洲国家低、亚洲和非洲国家居中、欧美发达国家高的地域格局,亚洲是4类国家并存的唯一大洲。全球的碳、水和土地足迹-边界比分别为3.0、0.6、0.7,表明就全球尺度而言,温室气体排放已处于严重超载状态,水资源消费和土地利用尚处于盈余状态,这与现有文献结果相吻合,从而在一定程度上验证了本研究结论的可靠性。
引用
收藏
页码:539 / 548
页数:10
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