2013年中国狂犬病流行特征分析

被引:16
作者
周航
牟笛
李昱
陈秋兰
殷文武
余宏杰
机构
[1] 北京中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处,传染病监测预警中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室
关键词
狂犬病; 流行特征; 监测;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R512.99 [其他]; R181.3 [流行病学各论];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
目的分析中国2013年狂犬病病例流行病学特征与趋势, 探讨相应防治对策建议。方法利用2013年"传染病报告信息管理系统"和6省监测点监测上报的数据, 进行回顾性描述分析。结果 2013年我国28个省共报告狂犬病1172例, 较2012年下降17.75%。病例主要分布在南方地区, 报告发病数居前5位的省份依次为广西(161例)、广东(140例)、贵州(84例)、湖南(83例)和河南(81例), 占全国报告发病总数的46.84%。高发季节为夏秋季, 病例以农民、学生和散居儿童为主。病例男女性别比为2.27:1。40-64岁组报告病例最多, 其次为0-14岁组。共收集到319例狂犬病病例个案调查表, 致伤动物仍以犬为主(占93.83%), 其次为猫(占5.48%)。病例潜伏期中位数为67天。暴露程度以Ⅲ级暴露为主, 占64.36%。暴露后疫苗接种率为11.86%, 但疫苗全程接种率仅1.36%, Ⅲ级暴露者的被动免疫制剂注射率为5.91%。结论 2013年全国狂犬病疫情总体继续呈下降趋势, 南方病例仍然多于北方, 但北方地区疫情有上升和扩散的趋势。病例主要分布于农村地区, 病例职业以农民、学生、散居儿童为主。病例的伤口自行处理与医疗机构处理率、疫苗接种率与被动免疫制剂注射率均很低。应加强狂犬病监测工作, 以农村地区为重点, 加强狂犬病暴露后预防处置宣传。
引用
收藏
页码:145 / 148
页数:4
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