MHC分子多态性的起源、演变与抗病机理

被引:19
作者
陈芳芳
潘玲
耿照玉
刘雪兰
余为一
机构
[1] 安徽农业大学安徽省人兽共患病重点实验室
关键词
MHC; 多态性; 抗病性;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R392.1 [免疫生物学];
学科分类号
摘要
主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)的概念源于解释异体间组织排斥和相容现象,现已拓展为与抗感染以及所有免疫反应相关的基因群。MHC是现有物种形成前就存在的原始基因。在进化过程中,MHC基因在物种之间和种群的个体之间都产生了明显差异。物种之间的差异主要是基因结构的不同,如有无基因框架和高度可塑性区、单一或重复基因座,还包括等位基因的排列方式以及不同数量的基因座和等位基因。亲缘关系较近的物种之间MHC基因结构相近,其差异表现在有无基因组单元重排方式和假基因。同种动物的MHC等位基因表现高度多态性序列。MHC基因是脊椎动物多态性最高的基因,其遗传基础是等位基因的点突变,即核苷酸发生替换。产生MHC多态性的原因主要是环境中病原压力。许多研究已经探明了与特定病原抗病相关的MHC的单倍型或MHC分子中的特定位点。MHC分子中肽结合区(Peptide binding region,PBR)是多态性最高的区段,PBR和抗原肽之间的亲和力与动物的抗病性/易感性关系最密切。分子生物学和生物信息学技术提供了研究MHC多态性,特别是探明MHC与抗原肽互相作用机理的理想工具。
引用
收藏
页码:1061 / 1067
页数:7
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