环境政策效益评估中的嵌入效应——以北京市雾霾和沙尘治理政策为例

被引:14
作者
全世文 [1 ]
黄波 [2 ]
机构
[1] 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所
[2] 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;
关键词
环境政策; 嵌入效应; 空气质量; 选择实验; 价值评估;
D O I
10.19581/j.cnki.ciejournal.2016.08.003
中图分类号
X51 [大气污染及其防治]; P425.55 [];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070602 ; 070601 ;
摘要
嵌入效应会显著地影响经济学家对环境政策的成本效益分析,但目前国内鲜有研究在评估环境政策效益时对嵌入效应进行识别和讨论。本文首先在一个扩展的健康生产函数基础上分析了环境政策之间存在嵌入效应的原因,进而以北京市雾霾和沙尘治理政策为例,设计了三个选择实验组来验证嵌入效应。随后,本文采用随机参数Logit模型对各组样本进行了估计,污染物边际价值在组间的显著差异证实了嵌入效应的存在。如果忽略嵌入效应,降低雾霾和沙尘的平均边际价值分别会被高估36.87%和67.62%。在模型中控制调查对象的偏好异质性以后,高估程度有所下降,但嵌入效应仍不能完全消除。本文的研究结论意味着政策制定者和研究者在评估环境政策的效益之前,需要谨慎地处理嵌入效应,虽然不同的环境政策可能在技术目标上指向相互独立的不同污染物,但污染物之间的价值相关性仍然会导致嵌入效应,进而影响评估结果。
引用
收藏
页码:23 / 39
页数:17
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