空间集聚、市场拥挤与我国出口企业的过度扩张

被引:54
作者
叶宁华
包群
邵敏
机构
[1] 南开大学经济学院
关键词
过度集聚; 出口外溢; 倒U型曲线;
D O I
10.19744/j.cnki.11-1235/f.2014.01.009
中图分类号
F752.62 [出口贸易]; F279.2 [中国];
学科分类号
摘要
中国出口贸易长时期的快速数量扩张不可避免地带来出口企业的过度集聚与恶性竞争,从而引发了出口拥挤现象。基于20002007年中国微观企业数据集,本文证实了存在过度集聚时,出口企业的地理集聚与行业集中事实上产生了倒U型的外溢效果,即当出口企业超过集聚临界点后,大量企业扎堆与恶性竞争反而导致了负的外溢效应。测算表明中国出口企业的过度集聚程度约在17%34%区间,而且这一现象呈现随时间而加剧的趋势;与高技术出口相比,低技术出口部门更有可能发生过度集聚;企业生产率提高与规模扩大一定程度上有助于缓解出口拥挤。本文研究表明,过去较长时期内中国出口企业单纯的数量扩张型增长模式的确导致了严重的负面竞争效应,对出口贸易的可持续增长产生了消极影响。
引用
收藏
页码:58 / 72
页数:15
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