中国退休制度设计:基于激励、保险和再分配效应的研究

被引:18
作者
张熠 [1 ]
张书博 [2 ]
陶旭辉 [1 ]
机构
[1] 上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院
[2] 首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院
关键词
法定退休; 弹性退休; 保险效应; 激励效应; 再分配;
D O I
10.19744/j.cnki.11-1235/f.2022.0097
中图分类号
F249.2 [中国]; F842 [中国保险业];
学科分类号
摘要
完善我国退休制度一方面需要加强退休制度的弹性设计,另一方面需要根据老龄化进程动态合理地设定退休制度的核心要素。通过一个内生退休模型,研究发现我国最优退休制度设计关键是把握“两个原则”,处理好“三个效应”。原则一是在效率方面注重“激励效应”和“保险效应”的平衡,既要激励老年劳动者提高劳动参与率,还要避免过度削弱保险功能导致退休前后待遇差距过大。原则二是公平和效率的平衡,在制度设计和延迟退休年龄中关注“再分配效应”。理论模型和实证模拟论证发现:对外生不可控因素导致的退休行为仍应当采用完全灵活退休制度以实现保险功能;目前“一刀切”的法定强制退休制度虽然具有激励效应,但由于老年人劳动意愿和能力的异质性,已经造成了福利损失,有必要加强弹性设计;从再分配效应来看,随着退休年龄延迟,应提高提前退休期间的待遇水平以防止劳动力市场弱势群体利益受损;当前最具价值的改革是引入延迟退休待遇,即允许劳动者一边正式工作,一边领取部分养老金。
引用
收藏
页码:90 / 108
页数:19
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