北京冬季雾霾天气下颗粒物及其化学组分的粒径分布特征研究

被引:58
作者
常清 [1 ]
杨复沫 [2 ]
李兴华 [1 ]
曹阳 [1 ]
王欢博 [2 ]
田密 [2 ]
机构
[1] 北京航空航天大学化学与环境学院
[2] 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院
基金
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金;
关键词
颗粒物; 化学组成; 粒径分布; 雾霾天气;
D O I
10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.0725
中图分类号
X513 [粒状污染物];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070602 ;
摘要
为认识雾霾天气下颗粒物及其化学组分的粒径分布特征,利用13级低压撞击采样器采集北京城区冬季一次典型雾霾天气下的大气颗粒物,采用离子色谱和元素碳/有机碳分析仪分析了PM10中不同粒径的水溶性离子、元素碳和有机碳组分,获得了颗粒物及其化学成分的粒径分布特征.结果表明,不同天气下颗粒物质量浓度大小为:雾霾>多云>雪天>晴天,4种天气下PM2.5/PM10均大于74%,说明冬季污染主要是由细颗粒物污染引起.SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4、Cl-、Ca2+是最主要的水溶性离子.SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4在0.76μm出现单峰;Ca2+和Mg2+在0.31和5.13~8.09μm出现双峰,主要分布在粗模态;Cl-和K+在0.76和5.13μm出现双峰,主要分布在细粒径段.OC、EC也富集于细粒子,显单峰结构.随污染程度增加,二次无机离子及碳组分浓度均显著增加,SO2、NO2的表观转化率(SOR、NOR)以及OC/EC在灰霾期间都远远高于二级良,可见二次无机源及有机源是污染的主要来源.在空气流动性差的灰霾持续期,机动车尾气排放的EC等一次污染物贡献增加.分析NO-3/SO2-4的粒径分布发现,机动车尾气对爱根核模态及凝结模态的亚微米模态(<1μm)贡献大于固定源,机动车尾气排放对大气污染的贡献已十分凸显.此外,燃煤污染的区域输送对污染的形成也有重要贡献,重污染期间土壤扬尘的贡献较小.
引用
收藏
页码:363 / 370
页数:8
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