洪水条件下湿地植物的生存策略

被引:73
作者
罗文泊 [1 ]
谢永宏 [2 ]
宋凤斌 [1 ]
机构
[1] 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所
[2] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所
关键词
洪水; 生存策略; 形态学; 组织结构; 生活史;
D O I
10.13292/j.1000-4890.2007.0251
中图分类号
Q948 [植物生态学和植物地理学];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
洪水是自然界存在的一种普遍现象。湿地植物由于所处生境的特殊性,会经常受到周期性或永久性的洪水胁迫。在长期的适应进化过程中,湿地植物形成了一些特殊的生存策略,以适应水文条件的大幅度变化。主要的生存策略如下:1)生活史方面,植物可通过改变生长时间、繁殖方式、种子特征等避免洪水的直接伤害或利用洪水的流动起到传播扩散的作用;2)形态学特征方面,植物可通过调整根系形态、分布等将根系生长到氧气相对充足的土壤表层或形成不定根增强根系通气功能;3)解剖学方面,植物可通过改善组织孔隙度形成通气组织等改善空气传导到根系的"气体通道";4)生理生化方面,植物可通过增加碳水化合物含量以延长生存时间,释放出一些生长激素(乙烯等)以调节植物缺氧条件下的生理活动或形态、解剖方面的变化。在今后的研究中,不定根的形成机理、乙烯在通气组织形成中的作用及其过程、放射氧损失(ROL)的形成机理及其释放速率的调控等一些机理性的工作还需进一步加强。
引用
收藏
页码:1478 / 1485
页数:8
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