太湖胥口湾表层水和沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平及生态风险

被引：5

作者：

李晓静 ^{[1
]}

于玉玲 ^{[1
]}

马莉 ^{[1
]}

曾祥英 ^{[2
]}

余应新 ^{[1
]}

张晓岚 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 上海大学环境与化学工程学院环境污染与健康研究所

[2] 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室

来源：

生态毒理学报 | 2016年 / 11卷 / 02期

关键词：

多环芳烃; 表层水; 沉积物; 生态风险; 时空变化; 太湖;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

X524 [湖泊、水库];

学科分类号：

摘要：

多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）是环境中普遍存在的稠环类化合物,由于其对人体健康和生态环境产生较大危害,美国环保局将16种PAHs列为优先控制的污染物。PAHs也是太湖流域的主要污染物之一。作为华东地区的重要水系和水源地,研究太湖环境质量的变化对改善太湖流域水生生态系统和提高沿岸居民身体健康具有重要意义。论文研究了太湖胥口湾水域表层水和沉积物的PAHs。结果显示,表层水和沉积物的PAHs总浓度分别为7.2～83 ng·L-1和66～620ng·g-1干重;年均值为29 ng·L-1和218 ng·g-1干重;年均毒性当量浓度为2.4 ng·L-1和28 ng·g-1干重。沉积物中的主要污染物为荧蒽、芘和,影响毒性当量浓度的主要是苯并（a）芘和二苯并（a,h）蒽。4环PAHs在沉积物中占主要,其浓度百分比为44%48%,而5环PAHs则占毒性当量总浓度的90%以上,说明其危害主要来自5环PAHs。PAHs特征化合物比值分析表明,胥口湾沉积物中PAHs主要来源于煤和木材燃烧,表层水大部分为燃烧和石油的混合来源。污染水平的时空变化特点为丰水期（8月）表层水PAHs浓度偏高,沉积物偏低。湖区和湖岸的PAHs浓度只在丰水期有显著差异,表层水PAHs浓度湖区高于湖岸,沉积物相反;其他时期湖区和湖岸PAHs浓度无显著差异。根据加拿大沉积物环境质量标准,胥口湾整体生态风险水平较低。从时空分布特征来看,个别生态风险较高的点主要分布在湖岸,5月平水期可能是沉积物中PAHs生态风险较高的频发期。

引用

页码：547 / 555

页数：9

共 29 条

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