不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响

被引：69

作者：

柴守玺 ^{[1
]}

杨长刚 ^{[1
]}

张淑芳 ^{[2
]}

陈恒洪 ^{[3
]}

常磊 ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] 甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院

[2] 甘肃省临夏州气象局

[3] 甘肃国丰科技股份有限公司

来源：

作物学报 | 2015年 / 41卷 / 05期

关键词：

旱地; 冬小麦; 地膜覆盖; 土壤水分; 水分利用效率;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

S512.11 [];

学科分类号：

0901 ;

摘要：

为探讨黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下覆膜种植冬麦田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果,在2008—2009和2009—2010年生长季,以露地种植为对照(CK),研究了3种覆膜方式(全膜覆土穴播、全膜穴播、垄膜沟播)对冬小麦农田土壤水分、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,孕穗前期覆膜处理0～200 cm平均土壤含水量在2个生长季分别较CK高2.3%和1.7%,而在孕穗期至成熟期分别较CK低14.7%和7.6%。地膜覆盖可显著改善0～20 cm土壤墒情,但拔节后20～90 cm土层以及全生育期90～200 cm土层含水量普遍低于CK;2个生长季收获期0～200 cm平均土壤含水量覆膜处理较CK分别低64.7 mm和47.0 mm。在2个生长季中,覆膜处理平均耗水量分别较CK多64.6 mm和77.2 mm。2个生长季夏季休闲后,覆膜处理在秋播时0～200 cm的土壤含水量分别比CK高29.8 mm和22.8 mm,显然,覆膜有利于土壤水分的快速恢复。2个生长季覆膜处理的平均产量分别较CK高49.4%和53.2%,水分利用效率分别提高11.8%和14.3%。在3种覆膜处理中,虽然全膜穴播的产量和水分利用效率最高,但从劳动力和生产资料的投入同产出效益角度考虑,则以全膜覆土穴播最优。因此认为,全膜覆土穴播是一种高产高效、操作简单、适宜于半干旱区推广应用的冬小麦种植方式。

引用

页码：787 / 796

页数：10

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