Tropifexor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an adaptive, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a/b trial

The multimodal activities of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists make this class an attractive option to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The safety and efficacy of tropifexor, an FXR agonist, in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, three-part adaptive design, phase 2 study, in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were therefore assessed. In Parts A + B, 198 patients were randomized to receive tropifexor (10-90 mu g) or placebo for 12 weeks. In Part C, 152 patients were randomized to receive tropifexor 140 mu g, tropifexor 200 mu g or placebo (1:1:1) for 48 weeks. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability to end-of-study, and dose response on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) at week 12. Pruritus was the most common adverse event in all groups, with a higher frequency in the 140- and 200-mu g tropifexor groups. Decreases from baseline in ALT and HFF were greater with tropifexor versus placebo at week 12, with a relative decrease in least squares mean from baseline observed with all tropifexor doses for ALT (tropifexor 10-90-mu g dose groups ranged from -10.7 to -16.5 U l(-1) versus placebo (-7.8 U l(-1)) and tropifexor 140- and 200-mu g groups were -18.0 U l(-1) and -23.0 U l(-1), respectively, versus placebo (-8.3 U l(-1))) and % HFF (tropifexor 10-90-mu g dose groups ranged from -7.48% to -15.04% versus placebo (-6.19%) and tropifexor 140- and 200-mu g groups were -19.07% and -39.41%, respectively, versus placebo (-10.77%)). Decreases in ALT and HFF were sustained up to week 48; however, similar trends in AST with tropifexor at week 12 were not observed. As with other FXR agonists, dose-related pruritus was frequently observed.