Inhibitors of histone deacetylases suppress cisplatin-induced p53 activation and apoptosis in renal tubular cells

Dong G, Luo J, Kumar V, Dong Z. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases suppress cisplatin-induced p53 activation and apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F293-F300, 2010. First published November 4, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00410.2009.-Inhibitors of histone deacetylases, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA), are emerging anticancer agents. In the current study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of these agents. Cisplatin induced 40-50% apoptosis in rat kidney proximal tubular cells in 18 h, which was suppressed to 20-30% by 1-5 mu M SAHA or 0.1 mu M TSA. Consistently, SAHA partially prevented cisplatin-induced caspase activation. The cytoprotective effects of SAHA and TSA were associated with long-term cell survival. During cisplatin treatment, Bax translocated to mitochondria, leading to cytochrome c release. Both Bax translocation and cytochrome c release were ameliorated by SAHA. Mechanistically, SAHA inhibited and TSA delayed p53 phosphorylation, acetylation, and activation during cisplatin incubation. At the upstream signaling level, SAHA blocked cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of Chk2, a key DNA damage response kinase. Interestingly, in HCT116 colon cancer cells, SAHA suppressed cisplatin-induced p53 activation, but enhanced apoptosis. The results suggest that inhibitors of histone deacetylases can protect against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by attenuating DNA damage response and associated p53 activation.