Left-right asymmetry determination in vertebrates

被引:120
作者
Mercola, M
Levin, M
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Forsyth Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
laterality; TGF beta; Nodal; Shh; cilia; gap junctions; mice; chick; Xenopus;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.779
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
A distinctive and essential feature of the vertebrate body is a pronounced left-right asymmetry of internal organs and the central nervous system. Remarkably, the direction of left-right asymmetry is consistent among all normal individuals in a species and, for many organs, is also conserved across species, despite the normal health of individuals with mirror-image anatomy. The mechanisms that determine stereotypic left-right asymmetry have fascinated biologists for over a century. Only recently, however, has our understanding of the left-right patterning been pushed forward by links to specific genes and proteins. Here we examine the molecular biology of the three principal steps in left-right determination: breaking bilateral symmetry, propagation and reinforcement of pattern, and the translation of pattern into asymmetric organ morphogenesis.
引用
收藏
页码:779 / 805
页数:31
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